Dreams and sleepwalking, sleep talking, night terrors

Dreams and sleepwalking, sleep talking, night terrors and nightmares

Sleepwalking, sleeptalking, night terrors, and nightmares all have in common with dreams that they occur during sleep. According to psychologists, sleepwalking and sleeptalking are not related to dreaming, while night terrors and nightmares are more related to dreams.

Sleepwalking is the bizarre phenomenon of getting out of bed and then going back to sleep. The reason that sleepwalking has nothing to do with dreaming is that EEG recordings, the brain waves of sleepwalkers, are showing up in stages 3 and 4 of sleep; It's a sign of deep sleep. It is not possible to dream in the stage of sleep, so it is more true that sleepwalking is called 'walking in sleep'. Most sleepwalkers are aged 6? Children between the ages of 12. Sleepwalking is not a serious condition, nor is it associated with emotional distress, and most sleepwalking develops in adulthood

It'll be fine. Sleepwalkers are still asleep when they get out of bed and wake up unaware of their nighttime movements.

However, the phenomenon of sleepwalking is very strange, the parties can engage in very complex activities in the action, such as opening the door to the street, taking appliances, avoiding obstacles to avoid collision and injury. After the activity, return to bed by yourself and continue to sleep.

It is reported that a male student living in the dormitory of Taipei International Trade University, sleepwalking at night, actually removed the lamp shade on the ceiling of the bunk bed, and fell under the bed without injury. If there are sleepwalking children in the home, do not worry too much, as long as you pay attention to the safety of the home, and carefully lock the door at night.

The cause of sleepwalking has not yet been studied. Studies have found that sleepwalkers often have other family members who also sleepwalk. So it can be inferred that sleepwalking may have a genetic link. In one case, a family on holiday spent the night in separate beds in separate rooms, only to discover the next morning that the whole family was sleeping in the living room without anyone knowing.

Sleep talking, also known as somniloquy, refers to the phenomenon of talking during sleep. The reason why sleep talking is not related to dreams is that almost all of the phenomena of sleep talking occur during the sleep stage, and the sleep stage does not dream. So we call it 'sleep.

Words are worthy of the name. The cause of sleep talking is still unknown.

Night terrors and nightmares often occur in childhood, and they can be said to occur during sleep. The main phenomena of children's night terrors are: waking up suddenly during sleep, showing painful expressions, staring forward without attention, climbing up and sitting on the bed, shortness of breath, sweating, and even screaming. Because night terrors only occur during the sleep phase, it is not easy to wake the person. The medical view is that it is not appropriate to wake the person in the night terror, and it is not necessary to deliberately treat it. The cause of night terrors is still unknown. It is generally believed that it may be related to temporary disorders of neurophysiological functions in the developmental stage of children. Children with night terrors are not emotionally disturbed as is commonly claimed. After childhood, the neurophysiological development is mature, and the night terrors will naturally disappear.

Nightmares are also known as bad dreams. The difference between nightmares and night terrors, in addition to the fact that night terrors always occur during sleep, is that night terrors usually occur about an hour after sleep; The nightmare phenomenon usually occurs before dawn. This stage of sleep is REM sleep, so the cause of the nightmare phenomenon can be determined by having terrible nightmares. Children are also more likely to remember the dream situation when they wake up. According to psychologists, the nightmare phenomenon is related to daytime emotional stress in children. If the day and night pressure can not be easily relieved, it will make children inevitably get up in the morning

Form psychological anxiety and fear. If parents find that the child repeats the nightmare phenomenon before getting up in the morning, in addition to paying attention to the child's day life, they should also take the child to see a psychological counselor or psychiatrist.

9. The psychology of the dream process

As a product of the subconscious mind, dreams go through different processes, and each process is accompanied by different psychology. Dreams can be forgotten, or they can recede, and dreams can help you achieve your wishes.

(1) Dream forgetting Often dreams that we want to interpret, we are not sure whether it really happened as described. This is mainly reflected in the following points:

First, our dreams themselves are cut off by memories that we cannot rely on. Not only is it peculiarly incapable of retaining the dream impression, but it often forgets the most important part. And when we focus on a dream, we will find that although we had a lot of dreams, we remember only a small part, and this part is very uncertain.

Second, our memory of dreams is not only incomplete, but also incorrect and false. On the one hand, we wonder if dreams are really as disconnected as memories; On the other hand, we must also doubt whether the dream is as coherent as the narrative; Whether in the recall, arbitrarily with some new and selected materials to fill in the missing or non-existent gaps; Or we round it up with decorations so that we can't tell which part is the original. There is a scholar who says that the order and correlation of dreams are added at the time of recall. Is it possible, therefore, for this impression, whose value we wish to judge, to pass entirely between our fingers without leaving a trace?

An analysis of many examples shows that the most trivial element of a dream is often indispensable to the interpretation process, and often the interpretation is delayed by its neglect. We attach equal importance to the various forms of words displayed in dreams. Even if the content of the dream is meaningless or incomplete, and it seems impossible to give a correct evaluation, we take this defect into account. In other words, we take as sacred scripture what other authors consider to be haphazarded and brushed over to avoid confusion.

One of the means of interpreting a dream is to ask the dreamer to repeat it again, and in repeating it, he rarely uses the same

The words. And the part of the dream that he uses different words to describe is precisely the weak point of the dream disguise, and this is the beginning of the interpretation of the dream. To ask the patient to repeat it is to put a certain amount of pressure on him, so when he hastily tries to cover it up, replacing expressions that would give away meaning with less obvious words, this is exactly what the interpreter should pay attention to, because when a dreamer tries to prevent his dream from being interpreted (such as a sexual dream that is difficult to speak), the part he has covered up may be the key to the interpretation.

In general, we can't guarantee the accuracy of our memories; But they tend to place more trust in it than objectivity. The question of whether the dream, or a part of it, is correctly reported is really only a variation of dream censorship (i.e. the resistance to dream thoughts entering consciousness). This impedance does not disappear because of the replacement and substitution that has been generated; It is still attached in a doubtful manner to the material that is allowed to appear. In many cases, the dreamer feels that he dreams of many things but remembers very little, which may have other meanings. For example, the dream operation goes on all night, but only one short dream is left behind. Needless to say, the more time passes, the more we forget about our dreams; Sometimes it's hard to remember them. But dream interpreters are often able to fill in the blanks analytically

The content of the dream.

Evidence can be found that dream forgetting is biased and a sign of resistance. Often in the process of analysis, some part of the forgotten dream reappears. Dreamers often describe it this way: 'I just remembered.' The part of the dream presented in this way must be the most important; It is usually located on the closest path to the dream solution, and is therefore subject to more resistance. One patient said that he had just had a dream, but had forgotten all about it, so the doctor went on with the analysis. There is a resistance, so the doctor explains to the patient, helps him with encouragement and pressure but still does not satisfy him, and just as he is about to give in, suddenly he cries out, 'I remember what I dreamed now.' Thus the impediments which prevented their analytical work also caused him to forget the dream, and by overcoming the impediments, the dream returned to him.

In the same way, a patient, after a certain analytical process, may recall a dream he had many days ago, which had previously been completely forgotten. There is evidence that dream forgetting is mainly due to resistance to this fact, and not because sleep and wakefulness are two unrelated states. The forgetting of dreams is due to a connection between analytical activity and the thoughts of the waking moment

Mental barrier. In addition, the forgetting of dreams is no different from the forgetting of other mental activities, and their memory is similar to other mental functions.

The interpretation of one's own dreams is not a simple and easy task, because it is not only necessary to detect spiritual motives, but also to grasp those 'involuntary ideas', and the interpretation of dreams is often not completely solved in the first round. After following a series of correlations, we often find ourselves exhausted; And there's nothing more to be gained from that dream that day. The smartest thing to do is to give up for a while and go back to work later; Then maybe another dream content will catch our attention and lead to another layer of dream thinking. This approach might be called partial dream analysis.

Moreover, even if he had grasped the whole interpretation of the dream, the interpretation of a reasonable synthesis, and had taken into account every part of the content of the dream, his work was not yet finished, and it was the most difficult thing of all. For the same dream may also have different interpretations that escape his attention, such as 'excessive interpretation.'

Even the most thoroughly analysed dreams often have a part which must be set aside: for in the process of analysis we find them to be inextricably intertwined dreams, and which do not increase our knowledge of the contents of the dream. This part

That is the key to dreams, which extend to ignorance. Dreams derived from analysis do not have some definite root; They extend to all sides in the intricate world of our thoughts. Dream desires, on the other hand, grow out of some particularly close entangled parts, similar to how mushrooms grow out of mycelium.

We have seen that waking life undoubtedly tends to forget the dreams formed in the evening, either whole after waking, or little by little during the course of the day; We know that the chief cause of forgetfulness is mental resistance, and it has long since done its best to oppose it in the evening. But why do dreams occur under the pressure of this resistance? To take the most extreme example (i.e. forgetting everything in the dream in the waking moment, as if it had never happened). In this case, it follows that if the resistance at night were as strong as it was during the day, then dreams would not be possible. The conclusion, therefore, is that the force of resistance at night is smaller, although not completely lost (as it is still a distorting factor in dream formation). But its strength diminishes at night, thus allowing dream formation to proceed.

The process of dream formation must be connected with dream thinking, which belongs to the pre-consciousness. If we consider only the dream desire, we will find that the driving force for the dream is supplied by the subconscious mind. Because of this problem, we have to tie the subconscious

As a starting point for the formation of dreams, like other structures of thought, the facilitator of this dream formation strives to reach the pre-consciousness and then to enter the consciousness plane.

It can be seen from the experiment that the pathways to consciousness through the preconsciousness are blocked during the day by the resistance of censorship, and that it is only at night that they have access to consciousness. And how did you get in? What changes will be made? If dreaming is allowed to creep in at night due to a reduction in the resistance between the subconscious and the preconscious, then our dreams should be conceptual rather than hallucinatory in nature.

How do hallucinatory dreams come about? It can be said that the direction of its excitement is inverted. It goes not to the motor end, but to the sensory end, and eventually to the perceptual system. If we describe the mental process of the unconscious mind in the waking moment as progressive, we must describe the dream as regressive.

When you are awake, this backward effect does not cause hallucinatory reappearance of the perceptual image. And why is it possible in dreams? We suppose that the intensity attached to one concept can be transferred to another through the operation of dreams. Perhaps it is this change in normal mental processes that causes the conduction of the sensory system to reverse, beginning with the concept of thought and continuing to the complete freshness

Bright feeling.

In dreams, when a concept becomes its original sensory image by retreating, we call it 'retreating.' If the dream is seen as the 'backward' phenomenon of this false mental device, we can explain why all the logical relations of dreaming are lost or difficult to express in the dream activity.

Why changes can make this impossible retreat during the day can occur, the first is naturally the ability of the sleeping state to change the sensory end.

During the day, there is a continuous flow of excitement from the sensory end of the system to the motor end. At night, the torrent stops, so it can no longer block the reverse transmission of excitement.

The 'regression phenomenon' is closely related to those memories that are submerged or in the subconscious, and the illusion of normal circumstances is also a regression phenomenon. For example, there was a 12-year-old boy who could not sleep because he was threatened by a red-eyed black face. The source of this phenomenon is his four years from another boy's latent memory. The boy sent him a warning picture about the consequences of bad habits in children (masturbation). The patient is now blaming himself for the habit. His mother was

He described the misbehaving child as red-eyed and red-rimmed. This was the source of his visions, which in turn reminded him of another prophecy of his mother. These kids grow up to be nerds, fail to learn in school, and die young. The little patient fulfilled the first part of the prophecy, he did not make any progress in school, and according to his free association, he feared the fulfillment of the other half. After treatment he was able to sleep, his neuroticism disappeared, and by the end of the school year he was getting good grades.

There was also a lady who, she said, had a phantom before she got sick. One morning, she opened her eyes and found her brother in the room. Her little son was asleep beside her, and to save him from convulsions at the sight of his uncle, she covered his face with a sheet. Then the vision disappeared. The vision was actually a replica of her childhood memory. The memory, though conscious, was closely related to the subconscious material in her mind. Her babysitter once mentioned that her mother (who died young, when the lady was only 18 months old) had epilepsy or seizures, and that this was the result of her brother (the lady's uncle) posing as a ghost with a sheet over his head. So the apparition had the same elements as her memory: the presence of her brother, the sheets, the intimidation and its consequences. What's different is that these elements recombine into something else,

And transfer it to someone else. The obvious motive was her fear that her son, who resembled her uncle, would follow in his footsteps.

The power of visible memories should not be underestimated, especially those memories that originated in childhood, are hidden or remain in the subconscious.

If we do not forget that the experiences of children and the fantasies deriving from them occupy a large part of dreamthinking, and at the same time note that fragments of these experiences often appear in dreams and that many dream wishes originate from them, we cannot deny that in dreams thoughts are transformed into visual images, perhaps because these visual memories seek to revive and press upon thoughts that have been excluded from consciousness. And struggled to find a substitute for the scenes of childhood, altered by moving to the nearest material. The scenes of childhood cannot be revived by themselves, but are reflected in dreams.

3. Wish fulfillment We divide dreams into two types based on wishes. In the first, the fulfillment of the desire is evident; in the other, the fulfillment of the desire is not only invisible, but is often disguised in every possible way. Dreams with unmodified wishes, in the latter case, mostly occur in children, but brief and clearly fulfilled dreams seem to occur in adults as well.

Let's first talk about where the desire is? There are three origins: One is that it may be due to the excitement of the day, but it is caused by

Can't be satisfied for external reasons, so leave an acknowledged but unfulfilled wish for the night. Second, it may have originated in the day, but it has been rejected, so that the night is left with an unsatisfied and suppressed desire; third, it may have nothing to do with the day, it is some suppressed desire, and it is active only at night. The first kind of desire arises from the preconsciousness. The second desire is driven from the conscious to the subconscious. The third desire impulse cannot break through the subconscious system.

Are these wishes of different origins equally important to dreams? And are there the same forces that cause dreams to form?

Let's take a very simple example. A lady is very fond of playing tricks on others. Once a younger friend had just got engaged, and many acquaintances asked her, 'Do you know him?' What was your impression of him?' Her answers were superficial, but she hid her real criticism, even though she wanted to say it like it was, that he was just an ordinary man. That night she dreamed that someone asked the same question, but she replied, 'If you want to order again, just write the number.'

Many dreams had been altered, and her wishes were subconscious and could not be detected during the day

Has the same value and power.

Under normal circumstances, a wish fulfilled during the day does not cause an adult to dream, but a wish originating in consciousness helps to produce a dream. If the preconscious desire cannot be assisted elsewhere, the dream is impossible.

It can be seen that dreams actually come from the subconscious mind. Conscious wishes can only succeed in producing dreams if they are reinforced by similar wishes in the subconscious. Whenever the opportunity arises, they form an alliance with the wishes of consciousness and transfer their stronger forces to the weaker ones. So it appears that the conscious desire alone produces the dream.

Traces of the subconscious can be seen in some unobtrusive features of dream formation. One thing is for sure, however: the wish presented in the dream must be from childhood. In adults, it originates in the subconscious, while in children it is not clear because there is still no division between the pre-conscious and the subconscious, or it is only slowly diverging.

In sleep there is no source of pre-conscious excitement except the desire excitement which comes from the subconscious mind, and the pre-conscious excitement must be reinforced by the subconscious mind and must go hand in hand with it through circuitous channels.

The pre-consciousness of the previous day must have sought a lot of ways to dream, even at night to use the content of the dream to enter consciousness

Layer. They sometimes take control of the whole content of the dream and force it to carry out activities that were not completed during the day. These remnants of the day are, of course, of other qualities than wishes. So what conditions do they have to meet in order to enter the dream, which may be directly related to the theory that 'dreams are wish fulfillment'.

An unpleasant dream may be a dream of punishment, which is also the subconscious will, in other words, the desire to punish the dreamer. Because he has a taboo impulse.

The driving force for the formation of dreams must be provided by a desire belonging to the subconscious mind. In the second category, the desire formed by the dream belongs to the subconscious and is repressed; in the dream of punishment, though also belonging to the subconscious, it is not repressed, but belongs to the 'self.' Thus, the dream of punishment shows that the ego may play a greater role in the formation of dreams. But we must know that dreams of psychological punishment do not necessarily stem from situations in which painful events occurred during the day.

It happens most easily when the dreamer feels at home, and the remnants of the day are some satisfying thoughts. But the satisfaction they express is taboo. This kind of thought cannot occur in manifest dreams, except for its reverse, which is the same as in the first kind of dream. The characteristic characteristic of the dream of punishment, therefore, is that the dream forms the desire not from the latent material, but from it

The willingness to punish is self-expression, but it is also a manifestation of the subconscious mind.

There are many dreams, however, whose cause arises largely or entirely from the remnants of daytime life. The driving force needed for the formation of dreams must be provided by wishes, and how to seize a wish as the source of motivation for dreams is the phenomenon of worry. In other words, a subconscious desire is stirred up by the activities of the day to form a dream.

Tracing the origin of the subconscious mind, we have analyzed its relation to the remnants of the day, which may be a wish, a mental impulse or simply a recent impression.

In this case, we can explain the importance of the various waking thoughts in the formation of the dream, and even explain the extreme case in which the dream pursues the activities of the day and reaches a satisfactory conclusion to the unsolved problems of real life on the basis of this thought chain.